In our mini-project, we have attempted to design and realise a 2-bit computer whose ALU performs specific calculations and operations, namely: These can be useful for creating complicated conditional statements and processing Boolean logic. Logic operations involve Boolean logic: AND, OR, XOR, and NOT. An ALU may also compare numbers and return Boolean truth values (true or false) depending on whether one is equal to, greater than or less than the other ('is 64 greater than 65?'). Therefore, any computer can be programmed to perform any arithmetic operation-although it will take more time to do so if its ALU does not directly support the operation. However, any computer that is capable of performing just the simplest operations can be programmed to break down the more complex operations into simple steps that it can perform. Some can only operate on whole numbers (integers) whilst others use floating point to represent real numbers, albeit with limited precision. The set of arithmetic operations that a particular ALU supports may be limited to addition and subtraction, or might include multiplication, division, trigonometry functions such as sine, cosine, etc., and square roots. The ALU is capable of performing two classes of operations: arithmetic and logic. Early CPUs were composed of many separate components but since the mid-1970s CPUs have typically been constructed on a single integrated circuit called a microprocessor. The control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU). The processing element carries out arithmetic and logical operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information.

The speed, power, and versatility of computers have increased continuously and dramatically since then.Ĭonventionally, a modern computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory.

The first digital electronic calculating machines were developed during World War II. More sophisticated electrical machines did specialized analogue calculations in the early 20th century. Early in the Industrial Revolution, some mechanical devices were built to automate long tedious tasks, such as guiding patterns for looms. Since ancient times, simple manual devices like the abacus, aided people in doing calculations. The ability of computers to follow a sequence of operations, called a program, make computers very applicable to a wide range of tasks. It is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data.

Arduino multisim 14